Our Facebook Family:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/OgamRunicphonograms/
A::
Aicme > a family of , aicmí (plural of aicme).
Irish - From Old Irish aicme.
Pronunciation - IPA(key): /'acm??/
Noun - aicme f (genitive singular aicme, nominative plural aicmí)
genus - class (social grouping, based on job, wealth, etc.) [quotations ?] family, tribe set, clique
denomination (unit in a series of units of weight, money, etc.)
Ref. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aicm...
The Ogamic Fews are in a aicimi of five
Allophone > al·lo·phone, ˈaləˌfōn
noun, LINGUISTICS plural noun: allophones
any of the speech sounds that represent a single phoneme, such as the aspirated k in kit and the unaspirated k in skit, which are allophones of the phoneme k.
Aspirate > pronounce (a sound) with an exhalation of breath.
Auraicept na n-Éces > (Ogam root document)
Or "Values of the Forfeda" (De Duilib Feda na Forfid)
The "Auraicept na n-Éces" ("the scholars' primer") is claimed as a 7th century work of Irish grammarians, written by a scholar named Longarad. The core of the text could indeed date to the mid-7th century, but much material will have been added over the 500 years preceding the text as recorded in the earliest surviving copy (12th century) If indeed dating to the 7th century, the text is the first instance of a defence of vernaculars, defending spoken Gaelic over Latin, predating Dante's "De vulgari eloquentia" by 600 years and e.g. Chernorizets Hrabar's "O pismeneh" by 200 years.
B::
BandRunir >
The magical rune-like glyphs attested in late medieval Icelandic charms are often termed galdrastafir or bandrúnir. 3 Their use is sometimes traced back to early runic monograms or simple bind-runes,4 but this is tenuous in the extreme, as is any real connection with runic writing. Nevertheless, there are at least three instances sometimes adduced as written evidence of the magical manipulation of bind-runes. These are found in Egils saga Skallagrímssonar, the saga of the warrior-poet Egill Skallagrímsson, Bósa saga ok Herrau›s, the saga of the foster-brothers Bósi and Herrau›, and from the eddic poem Skírnismál.
Ref. MacLeod
Beth-luis-nin or "beth luis nion" >
The name represents the names of the first, second, and fifth letters of the Ogham alphabet.
The characters themselves are known collectively as Beth-luis-nin, after the first letters of the groups, similar to the way Greek Alpha and Beta gave us the ‘alphabet’.
Bríatharogam >
In Early Irish literature a Bríatharogam ("word ogham", plural Bríatharogaim) is a two word kenning which explains the meanings of the names of the letters of the Ogham alphabet. Three variant lists of bríatharogaim or 'word-oghams' have been preserved, dating to the Old Irish period. They are as follows:
Bríatharogam Morainn mac Moín
Bríatharogam Maic ind Óc
Bríatharogam Con Culainn
The first two of these are attested from all three surviving copies of the Ogam Tract, while the "Cú Chulainn" version is not in the Book of Ballymote and only known from 16th- and 17th-century manuscripts. The Auraicept na n-Éces or 'Scholars' Primer' reports and interprets the Bríatharogam Morainn mac Moín.
Ref. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bría...
Each Ogham letter is associated with a plant or tree, and a particular sound (Phonogram), and represents a collection of ‘kennings’; keys to knowledge, called the Briatharogaim.
The Ogham Tract is independent of the Auraicept, and is our main source for the Bríatharogaim.
[ Many feel this system is the memory keys to ancient Bardic / Druidic training. tdk]
Bo'k > Book
C::
Consonant >
a basic speech sound in which the breath is at least partly obstructed and which can be combined with a vowel to form a syllable.
D::
De Duilib Feda na Forfid or "Values of the Forfeda" is the Auraicept na n-Éces (a Ogam root document)
Declension >
In linguistics, declension is the inflection of nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and articles to indicate number (at least singular and plural), case (nominative or subjective, genitive or possessive, etc.), and gender. A declension is also a group of nouns that follow a particular pattern of inflection.
Dipthongs >
a sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves toward another (as incoin, loud, and side ).
a digraph representing the sound of a diphthong or single vowel (as infeat ).
a compound vowel character; a ligature (such as æ ).
Druim > Spine or foundation line
The Ogham system works on a simple plan, which can be used horizontally or vertically. Each one of the basic letters (feda in Erse), of which there were originally twenty, grouped into four 'families' (aicmi), is formed by a single stroke formed on a central 'spine', or foundation-line [druim]. (The spine is sometimes the edge of a stone block on which the letters are formed; on a flat surface, it is drawn as a straight line.) These strokes are horizontal when the spine (and consequently the message) is vertical, and to the right or left, or both; when the spine is horizontal, the strokes that form the letters are up, down, or fully crossing.Ref. http://hull-awe.org.uk/index.php/Og...
dúile >
To the Celts, the body was composed of many elements known as "dúile". The neach ("living being") or duine ("person") was composed of nine dúile ("elements"). Each of these elements had it's corresponding cosmic element in the "Bith" or Cosmos. A Celt's Spirit was centered within the house of his body.
Correspondences of the Dúile
Fein (The Self) Bith (Cosmos) Directions Magical Tools
1. Cnaimh (Bones) Cloch (Stone) Thuaidh (North) Lia Fail (Destiny)
2. Colaind (Flesh) Talamh (Earth) Faoi (Under, About) The Nemeton
3. Gruaigh (Hair) Uaine (Plant Life) Amach (Outwards) Ogham and Herbs
4. Fuil (Blood) Muir (Sea) Ior, Siar (West) Undry (Cauldron)
5. Anal "Breath" Gaeth (Wind) Air, Oithear (East) The Sword of Nuada
6. Imradud (Mind) Gealach (Moon) Isteach (Inwards) The Well of Segais
7. Drech (Face) Grian (Sun) Deas, Deis (South) The Spear of Lugh
8. Menma (Brain) Nel (Cloud) Thrid (Through) Imbas (Inspiration)
9. Ceann (Head) Neamh (Heaven) Os Cionn (Above) The Torque/Halo
These elements of the self can be equated to the chakras, the senses, the colors, plus most of the correspondences. The nine dúile above were known as the elements to the ancient celts.
Ref. http://www.angelfire.com/de2/newcon...
E::
Eite > or feather (>) and ‘Eite thuathail’ reverse feather (<) symbols are used to denote the beginning and ending of a ogam text line or Druim. ( Think reading bottom to top of Stave or stones druim or left to right for horizontal druim or text line.
Epigraphy > is the study of inscriptions or epigraphs as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the writing and the writers.
Epigraph > an inscription on a building, statue, or coin.
a short quotation or saying at the beginning of a book or chapter, intended to suggest its theme.
Epigraphy > is the study of inscriptions or epigraphs as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the writing and the writers. Specifically excluded from epigraphy are the historical significance of an epigraph as a document and the artistic value of a literary composition. Ref. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigr...
Etymology > et·y·mol·o·gy edəˈmäləjē/
noun, the study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history. The origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning.
F::
Feda > The ogham alphabet originally consisted of twenty distinct characters (feda)
A alphabet made up of letters called feda (fay-dah) meaning wood placed along a flesc (flay-shk) meaning twig Ref. http://www.melaniejackson.com/clan/...
Fews > Most often wooden carved fedas
Fire:
aldrnari > fire
bál > fire
bruni > fire
eldr > fire
hyrr > fire
jarbeldr > subterranean fire
logi > fire
( "aa rune elden", to rúne the fire. (fire runes) . It was used to make sure that the fire did not die out.).
fire (bane of switches) sviga lae
fire (cooking fire) seyðir
firewood (piece of) brandr
firewood eldivðr
Flesc > in ogam perhaps cutting the groove ?
fleasga rod, wreath, Irish fleasg, garland, wand, sheaf, Old Irish flesc, rod, linea, *vleska, from *vledska, root vl@.d; German wald, wood, English wold; Greek@Ga@'/lsos, grove; Church Slavonic vladi, hair. From the Celtic comes the French flèche, arrow, whence English Fletcher, arrow-maker. See fleisdear.
Ref. http://www.ceantar.org/Dicts/MB2/mb...
Forfeda > the extra five fews for diphthongs added latter to the acimi, added after the 6th century, probably due to changes in the Irish language.
Formula words Ogamic >
The vast majority of inscriptions consist of personal names and use a series of formula words, usually describing the person's ancestry or tribal affiliation. The formula words used are MAQI ???? – 'son' (Modern Irish mic); MUCOI ????? – 'tribe' or 'sept'; ANM ??? – 'name' (Modern Irish ainm); AVI ??? – 'descendant' (Modern Irish uí); CELI ???? – 'follower' or 'devotee' (Modern Irish céile); NETA ???? – 'nephew' (Modern Irish nia); KOI ??? – 'here is' (equivalent to Latin HIC IACIT). KOI is unusual in that the K is always written using the first supplementary letter Ebad. In order of frequency the formula words are used as follows: See more at Ref. http://en.rfwiki.org/wiki/Ogham_ins...
G::
Galdr (plural galdrar) is one Old Norse word for "spell, incantation";
these were usually performed in combination with certain rites.[1]
It was mastered by both women and men.[2] Some scholars have assumed they
chanted it in falsetto (gala)
Galder > The widest use of runes was in galder, the “singing” or howling of runes in verse called galderlag. Galder was sung to confuse the minds of the enemy in personal relationships or in battle. It was used to banish evil spirits from a sick person and to call helpful spirits and deities in to heal.
Galdrastafir > (pl. of galdrastafur) is an Icelandic word which translates to
[galdra] magical [stafi] sticks or staves
More:
BandRunir the magical rune-like glyphs attested in late medieval Icelandic charms are often termed galdrastafir or bandrúnir. 3 Their use is sometimes traced back to early runic monograms or simple bind-runes,4 but this is tenuous in the extreme, as is any real connection with runic writing. Nevertheless, there are at least three instances sometimes adduced as written evidence of the magical manipulation of bind-runes. These are found in Egils saga Skallagrímssonar, the saga of the warrior-poet Egill Skallagrímsson, Bósa saga ok Herrau›s, the saga of the foster-brothers Bósi and Herrau›, and from the eddic poem Skírnismál.
Ref. MacLeod
GALDRABOK > (ON?) Book of Magic or Grimoire.
Galdrastafur A sigil, symbol or Veve.
Gallán > standing stones that often had Ogam writing on them.
Galdors >
Rune Poems, Rituals or Incantations.
Galdrastafir > (ON?) Icelandic Magical Staves
Galdrastafir (pl. of galdrastafur) is an Icelandic word which translates to [galdra] magical [stafi] sticks or staves.
Glyph > a hieroglyphic character or symbol; a pictograph. (Our Runes)
Grapheme > the smallest meaningful contrastive unit in a writing system.
H::
I::
Ideogram > id·e·o·gram (ĭd′ē-ə-grăm′, ī′dē-)
n.
1. A character or symbol representing an idea or a thing without expressing the pronunciation of a particular word or words for it, as in the traffic sign commonly used for "no parking" or "parking prohibited." Also called ideograph.
2. See logogram.
3. A graphic symbol, such as &, $, or @.
J::
K::
L::
Lebor Ogaim > (Ogam root document)
"The Book of Ogams", also known as the Ogam Tract,
The Ogham Tract is independent of the Auraicept, and is our main source for the Bríatharogaim
---------------
Ligature >
In writing and typography, a ligature occurs where two or more graphemesor letters are joined as a single glyph. An example is the character æ as used in English, in which the letters a and eare joined. The common ampersand (&) developed from a ligature in which the handwritten Latin letters e and t (spelling et, from the Latin for "and") were combined
Limr > means twigs, branches on a tree, but it can also mean limbs. In my Norse dictionary limrúnar is translated with runes to carv on twigs.
Logogrm > In written language, a logogram or logograph is a written character that represents a word or phrase. Chinese characters and Japanese kanji are logograms; some Egyptian hieroglyphs and some graphemes in Cuneiform script are also logograms. The use of logograms in writing is called logography.
M::
Muime > From Old Irish muimme (âfoster-mother, wet-nurse, instructress, patronessâ). (Brock Adams I have heard Beith, Muin, Huath, and Ailm referred to as the muime of their aicme (the foster, ie: namesake of their branch of family or aicme). This could make sense but seems to hint at a deeper meaning. tdk
N::
O::
og-úaim > (point-seam), which refers to the seam made by the point of a sharp weapon.
Ogam / Ogham > A ancient Celtic / Druid Alphabet
The Ogham "OH-ehm" alphabet is referred to as "beth luis nion". The name represents the names of the first, second, and fifth letters of the Ogham alphabet. The letters themselves consist of one to five perpendicular or angled strokes, meeting or crossing a center line.
Ogham /'?g?m/[1] (Modern Irish ['o?m?] or ['o??m?]; Old Irish: ogam ['??am?]) is anEarly Medieval alphabet used to write the early Irish language (in the so-called"orthodox" inscriptions, 1st to 6th centuries), and later theOld Irish language (so-calledscholastic ogham, 6th to 9th centuries). There are roughly 400 surviving orthodox inscriptions on stone monuments throughout Ireland and western Britain; the bulk of them are in southernMunster. The largest number outside Ireland is inPembrokeshire in Wales.[3]The vast majority of the inscriptions consist of personal names.According to the High Medieval Bríatharogam, names of various trees can be ascribed to individual letters.The etymology of the wordogam or ogham remains unclear. One possible origin is from the Irish og-úaim 'point-seam', referring to the seam made by the point of a sharp weapon.Ref. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham
The name Ogham is pronounced ['o?m] or ['o??m] in Modern Irish, and it was speltogam and pronounced ['??am] in Old Irish. Its origins are uncertain: it might be named after the Irish god Ogma, or after the Irish phrase og-úaim (point-seam), which refers to the seam made by the point of a sharp weapon.
Ogham Track > (Ogam root document)
Or Lebor Ogaim, "The Book of Ogams", also known as the Ogam Tract, The Ogham Tract is independent of the Auraicept, and is our main source for the Bríatharogaim.
oghumthe "Ogam" writing, so Irish, Early Irish ogum, Ogma ma Elathan (son of knowledge), the Hercules of the Gaelic gods, Gaulish Ogmios, the Gaulish Hercules and god of eloquence: *Ogambio-s. Cf. Greek @Go@'/gmos ( @G*g-mos?), a furrow, line, Sanskrit ájmas, course, run, root ag: the comparison is very doubtful. See oidheam.
oidheama secret meaning, inference, idea (M`A., M`E.), a book ( M`F., H.S.D.). Properly oigheam, the same as ogham above (zeuss, Rhys' Hib.Lect.).
Ref. http://www.ceantar.org/Dicts/MB2/mb...
Orthography > the conventional spelling system of a language.
Orthodox Ogam inscriptions >
Date to the Primitive Irish period, and record a name of an individual, either as a cenotaph or tombstone, or documenting land ownership.
P::
Palaeography > The study of ancient handwriting, usually in ink.
Philology > the study of language in written historical sources; it is a combination of literary criticism, history, and linguistics. It is more commonly defined as the study of literary texts and written records, the establishment of their authenticity and their original form, and the determination of their meaning.
Phoneme > any of the perceptually distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one word from another, for example p, b,d, and t in the English words pad, pat, bad, and bat.
Phonetic > of or relating to speech sounds, "detailed phonetic information" (of a system of writing) having a direct correspondence between symbols and sounds. "a phonetic alphabet"
Phonogram > a unit symbol of a phonetic writing system, standing for a speech sound, syllable, or other sequence of speech sounds without reference to meaning.
Phonology > the study of the distribution and patterning of speech sounds in a language and of the tacit rules governing pronunciation.
Phylogeny > applied to historical linguistics is the evolutionary descent of languages. The phylogeny problem is the question of what specific tree, in the tree model of language evolution, best explains the paths of descent of all the members of a language family from a common language, or proto-language, at the root of the tree to the attested languages at the leaves of the tree.
N::
O::
Orthography > the way in which the words of a language are spelled. the way in which the words of a language are spelled
R::
Reginkunnar > rúnar reginkunnar = runes (of known superclusters){Google Translator}
Gard Kristiansen I would translate it as : secrets of the gods.
In Håvamål 80 you have: Þat er þá reynt er þú at rúnum spyrrinum reginkunnum - Then that is proven when you consult the runes, originated
by the gods,----------------
Rune > The Norse word rune has several meanings, and can also mean Font Character, learning, poetry, mysteries, secret knowledge, confidential or whispered conversation, sorcery characters. It is also a Norwegian name for a type of Finnish folk verse found in Kallevalla, called "Runer".
The art of writing was already known in the North
long before the introduction of christianity; the characters
then in use are called Runes (ru'n pl. ru'nir, old ru'nar).
Ref. 1
S::
Seanchas (I)
From Old Irish senchas, senchus (“old tales, ancient history, tradition; genealogy; traditional law”). The Senchus fer n-Alban (The History of the men of Scotland) is an Old Irish medieval text believed to have been compiled in the 10th century. It provides genealogies for kings of Dál Riata and a census of the kingdoms which comprised Dál Riata.
Senchléithe (shen-x'le-he) > hereditary serf
Senchus Mór (I)
Scholastic Ogam inscriptions >
Date from the medieval Old Irish period up to Modern times.
Scholastic Ogham text is read beginning from the bottom left-hand side of a stone, continuing upward, across the top and down the right-hand side in the case of long inscriptions. Inscriptions written on stemlines cut into the face of the stone, instead of along its edge, are known as "scholastic", and are of a later date (post 6th century),
Seidr > "Victory Giver" one of the many names of Odin.
Seiðr (sometimes anglicized as seidhr, seidh, seidr, seithr, seith, or seid) is an Old Norse term for a type of sorcery which was practiced in Norse society during the Late Scandinavian Iron Age.
More:
>>Ancient oracular or 'shamanistic' techniques that are commonly referred to by Asatruar as seithrand spae-craft. The word "seidr" is spelled with a letter from the Old Norse or Icelandic alphabet called "eth". Since "eth" has a phonetic value somewhere between "d" and "th", seithr is variously spelled in English as "seid", "seidh", "seidr", "seidhr", "seith", or "seithr".
The shamanistic trolldom (magic) that in Norden primarily was performed by women (volver). Also some of the gods such as Odin and Fro/ya, practiced it. Because of his seiding, Odin was accused of being unmanly. Seid had the same character as the Siberian and Saamic shamanism. The seidwoman would fall into a trance, while a choir of other women would evoke her guardian spirit to come to her aid. In her inspired state the spirits would inform her concerning the things she had been asked to ask; about what the weather was going to be, about events that would occur, about happiness and misfortune for man, acre and cattle. It also happened that her soul traveled to other worlds to fetch knowledge while the body lay lifeless.
The Fundamental Importance and use of Seidh, by Graena Vanswynn: "In Nordic History there have been two kinds of magick practiced among the peoples of the Ancient North. One begin Galdr, the other being Seidh. Galdr develops one's will and self control of their conscience and environment, Galdr implements the usage of symbols for communication or divination; these symbols being Runes, staves, et cetera. Seidh, however, is about the loss of one's control of self, conscience, and environment; it is about the inhibited sumbersion of one's self into something outside the practicer's persona. Seidh has been called the Shamanism of the North. It was the Vanic Goddess Freya who first taught the art of Seidh to the Aes, specifically the Alfather Odhinn. Seidh is the original magickal art of the Wanes, thus Galdr is of the Ases..."
Ref. http://www.sunnyway.com/runes/seidr.html
<<
SKÁLDA > Old Norse Poets.
Skírnismál > (Sayings of Skírnir) is one of the poems of the Poetic Edda.
It is preserved in the 13th-century manuscripts Codex Regius and AM 748
I 4to but may have been originally composed in heathen times.
Staves >
noun 1. one of the thin, narrow, shaped pieces of wood that form the sides of acask, tub, or similar vessel.
2. a stick, rod, pole, or the like.
3. a rung of a ladder, chair, etc.
Sticks or stones with sigils or symbols craved, burned painted etc on them. Ogam or Runic or Magical.
Icelandic magical staves (sigils) are symbols called Galdrastafur in Icelandic, and are credited with magical effect preserved in various grimoires dating from the 17th century and later.[1] According to the Museum of Icelandic Sorcery and Witchcraft, the effects credited to most of the staves were very relevant to the average Icelanders of the time, who were mostly subsistence farmers and had to deal with harsh climatic conditions.
Ref. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icela...
Stop Constants >
In phonetics, a stop consonant is the sound made by completely blocking the flow of air and then releasing it. Also known as a plosive. In English, the sounds [p], [t], and [k] are voiceless stops (also called plosives). The sounds [b], [d], and [g] are voiced stops
Straif > the z sign is usually known as 'st' (Straif) in Irish Ogham systems. Ref. http://www.shee-eire.com/magic&mythology/ogham/Ogham.htm
Syllable >
is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds. For example, the word water is composed of two syllables: wa and ter. A syllable is typically made up of a syllable nucleus (most often a vowel) with optional initial and final margins (typically, consonants).
U::
V::
Venderuner > the runes are mirrored.
Völva, vølve, volva >is a gender specific term in Old Norse meaning woman who carries a staff. This staff represents her knowledge and practice of Nordic folkways, runes, histories, songs, dances, and stories. Her staff begins with her own family of origin stories and histories – her oorlog and wyrd. InVölva Stav she is dedicated to healing her own oorlog and wyrd. She travels widely to test her knowledge and gain broader insights. If asked, she may choose to serve others in healing, teaching, or other ways. And she may decide not to.
Vowel > a speech sound that is produced by comparatively open configuration of the vocal tract, with vibration of the vocal cords but without audible friction and is a unit of the sound system of a language that forms the nucleus of a syllable.
a letter representing a vowel sound, such as a, e, i, o, u.
W::
X::
Y::
Z::
Z >
the z sign is usually known as 'st' (Straif) in Irish Ogham systems. Ref. http://www.shee-eire.com/magic&myth...
=========================================================
References:
1) GRAMMAR OF THE ICELANDIC OLD NORSE TONGUE
"TRANSLATED FROM THE SWEDISH OF Erasums Rask
BY George Webbe Dasent M.A. (1843)
========================================
On-Line Dictionaries:
1)
MacBain's Dictionary
An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language
http://www.ceantar.org/Dicts/MB2/in...
2)
In Dúil Bélrai
In Dúil Bélrai has two sections:
an English - Old-Irish glossary and a Verbforms database
http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/sengoidelc..
3)
Behind the Name: Old Norse Origin Names
http://www.behindthename.com/names/origin/old-norse
4)
Vikings of Bjornstad - Old Norse to English Dictionary
http://www.vikingsofbjornstad.com/Old_Norse_Dictionary_E2N.shtm
5) http://www.viking.no/the-viking-heritage/the-viking-linguistic-heritage/v/
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